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An Analysis of the Consciousness of Filial Piety through Time Horizon
ZHANG Xiang-long
(Department of Philosophy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)
Abstract: Filial piety comes into being not merely from social and cultural effects. It is an anthropo-phenomenon that best represents the characteristics of humanity and, moreover, has to be constituted in an environment of real life. This paper inquires into how the consciousness of filial piety is formed through a modified phenomenological horizon of time and reaches the following conclusions: (1)The relatively universal occurrence of filial piety consciousness in natural human conditions is the result of the deepening and prolonging of people’s inner time consciousness (as well as original imagination) caused by the unique existence of human beings. Parental love, a phenomenon also existent in some animals, can consequently ignite, among humans, an answering consciousness of filial piety that seeks to repay this love. (2)Filial piety and parental love, therefore, are the two complementary phenomena brought about by the same genetic structure of time consciousness. (3)There is no awareness of filial piety’s role even in western phenomenology, which has improved our view of time substantially. This is a result of failing to understand the primordial “time meaning” in interweaving of past and future, a task accomplished by the Book of Changes. (4)According to Confucianism, human beings authentically (eigentlich) face “death” or “non-being” not primarily in an individualistic mode, as Heidegger and quite a few western thinkers believe, but through the relations between parents and children as well as that between generations. From the genetic relations sprout all other ethical and moral ones. (5)The consciousness of filial love in grow-ups does not occur merely by observing certain ritual rules,but has to be actively built up in one’s experiences of life. “Life frustration” and “raising children oneself” provide two opportunities to awaken the consciousness of piety, which, usually, is diluted by individual consciousness.
Key words: consciousness of filial piety, phenomenological analysis of time, time structure of parental love and filial love, yin-yang time of the Changes, the limitation of Heidegger’s analysis of time.